Healthy lifestyle gone bad: effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the daily habits of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess caregivers' perception about the changes in the daily habits of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects and methods: Primary caregivers of youth aged ≤18 with or without type 1 diabetes were selected for the diabetes and the control groups. Caregivers estimated the youth's time (hours) of physical activity and screen time before and during the pandemic, and rated the quality of eating habits and medication adherence from 0 to 10. The primary outcome was the change in physical activity time, screen time, and eating habits scores during isolation. Between-group analyses and within-group comparisons were conducted. A post hoc analysis was performed using logistic regression to correct for confounding factors. Results: In total, 764 participants were included (381 diabetes group vs. 383 control group). Before the pandemic, the diabetes group presented a reduced median of physical activity (P < 0.001) and screen time (P < 0.001). During the pandemic, the difference between both groups remained similar (P = 0.58). Scores of quality of eating habits were similar in both groups before the pandemic [8.0 (7.0-9.0) vs. 8.0 (7.0-9.0), P = 0.31] but decreased during the pandemic [7.0 (5.1-8.1) vs. 8.0 (6.0-9.0), P < 0.001]. The diabetes group had a significantly worse change in eating habits scores (P < 0.01). Conclusion: During the pandemic, eating habits were significantly worse in youth with diabetes than in those without diabetes.

Central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR alteration: a short report

Central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with BCOR alteration are rare. Currently, there are only 24 cases reported in the literature. These tumors are characterized by a change involving the BCOR gene and have a poor prognosis. Studies are needed to improve the current therapy and outcomes of these neoplasms. This case report describes the clinical history of a patient with this disease and aims to contribute to the current knowledge about this new entity.

Heterotopia pancreática em vesícula biliar: um relato de caso / Heterotopic pancreas in the gallbladder: a case report

A heterotopia pancreática é definida como a presença de tecido pancreático em localização topográfica anômala. Essa patologia pode acometer variadas estruturas da cavidade abdominal, mas raramente manifesta-se na vesícula biliar. Até o momento, menos de 40 casos de heterotopia pancreática em vesícula biliar foram relatados na literatura médica. Apresentamos um caso de uma mulher de 25 anos, que realizou uma colecistectomia videolaparoscópica por colelitíase, com exame anatomopatológico que identificou uma heterotopia pancreática. Apesar de rara, a doença deve ser considerada em pacientes com sintomatologia de doenças da via biliar e de doenças pancreáticas e sem diagnóstico após uma investigação de rotina, tendo em vista que o tecido pancreático ectópico está sujeito às mesmas alterações patológicas, manifestações clínicas e complicações encontradas no próprio pâncreas. (AU)

Heterotopic pancreas is defined as the presence of pancreatic tissue at an anomalous location. This condition may affect multiple structures in the abdominal cavity but rarely appears in the gallbladder. To date, fewer than 40 cases of heterotopic pancreas in the gallbladder have been reported in the medical literature. We present a case of a 25 year-old woman who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, with a pathology test that detected heterotopic pancreas. Despite its rarity, this disease must be considered in cases of corresponding symptoms without a diagnosis after a routine evaluation, considering that ectopic pancreatic tissue is exposed to the same pathological alterations, clinical manifestations, and complications found in the pancreas. (AU)

Analysis of HIV/Aids notifications in a municipality of national health between 2007 and 2017: gender, age, race, schooling, neighborhood of origin, notifying units and treatment units / Análise de notificações de HIV/Aids em um município polo de saúde nacional entre 2007 e 2017: sexo, idade, raça, escolaridade, bairro de origem, unidades notificadoras e unidades de tratamento

Introduction: Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are part of the National List of Compulsory Notification of Diseases. Despite the compulsory reporting of HIV infection from 2014, there has been a drop in the detection of new cases in the last five years. Objective: Analyze the epidemiological data of HIV/AIDS case reports in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, from 2007 to 2017 in relation to gender, neighborhoods, notifying units and treatment units. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study, accomplished at the Health Surveillance Sector from the compulsory notifications available in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação ­ SINAN). A spreadsheet was made in the Microsoft Excel® Program (2016). Data were analyzed using the SPSS® Program, descriptively through measures of prevalence, incidence and distribution. Results: There were 1,068 notifications. There was a predominance of males (55.5%) and in the age group from 27 to 43 years. Of the 31 notifying health units, three concentrated 95% of the cases: Specialized Care Service (74.7%); Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (16%); and Hospital das Clínicas of Passo Fundo (4%). The same three units concentrated 98.0% of the treatments: 88, 9 and 1%, respectively. The primary care accounted for 5.0% of the notifications. Conclusion: The higher prevalence in young adult men denotes the importance of prevention aimed at this audience. Notifications were mostly from hospitals and a public referral center, with little involvement of primary care in reporting HIV/AIDS.

Introdução: Tanto a infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) quanto a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) fazem parte da Lista Nacional de Notificação Compulsória de doenças. Apesar da compulsoriedade da notificação pela infecção pelo HIV a partir de 2014, nota-se uma queda na detecção de novos casos nos últimos cinco anos. Objetivo: Analisar os dados epidemiológicos das notificações dos casos de HIV/AIDS no município de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, entre os anos de 2007 e 2017 em relação ao sexo, bairros, unidades notificadoras e unidades de tratamento. Métodos: Estudo documental, descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado no Setor de Vigilância em Saúde a partir das notificações compulsórias disponibilizadas no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foi construída uma planilha no Programa Microsoft Excel® (2016). Os dados foram analisados no Programa SPSS®, de forma descritiva através de medidas de prevalência, incidência e distribuição. Resultados: Foram 1.068 notificações. Houve predomínio de indivíduos do sexo masculino (55,5%) e na faixa etária dos 27 aos 43 anos. Das 31 unidades de saúde notificadoras, três concentraram 95% dos casos: Serviço de Atendimento Especializado (74,7%); Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (16%); e Hospital das Clínicas de Passo Fundo (4,0%). As mesmas três unidades concentravam 98,0% dos tratamentos: 88, 9 e 1%, respectivamente. A atenção primária foi responsável por 5% das notificações. Conclusão: A maior prevalência em homens adultos jovens denota a importância de prevenção voltada para esse público. As notificações ocorreram majoritariamente por hospitais e um centro público de referência, com pequena participação da atenção básica na notificação do HIV/AIDS.